Impact of engineering on natural and social environment Essay

Impact of engineering on natural and social environment - Essay Example This paper discusses some of these issues and focuses on the implications for natural and social environment. Technological growth has given rise to huge cities and many people from villages are moving towards cities looking for new opportunities. In earlier day’s people in the villages were comparatively more self-sufficient than when they reached the cities. For instance, farmers grew the necessary food for their family and the remaining was sold. Today, the agricultural technologies have entered the fields and have made this an expensive affair. Farmers are forced to buy seeds especially the genetically modified seeds [1], pesticides, synthetic fertilizers and machines. Besides, the land, water and atmosphere are contaminated with the over-use of chemical pesticides. In other words, these technological revolutions in the field of agriculture have made it an economical burden for the farmers and are becoming more and more unsustainable. The technological development has incr eased the gap between the rich and the poor. The benefit of technology is only for the rich people in the society [1]. Genetic engineering is another field that has resulted in serious changes in the natural environment. Genetic modification of plants and animals has raised several ethical questions. For instance, the use of transgenic flora for the preparation of vaccines is a recent research.

Summary Viral Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Summary Viral Marketing - Essay Example The viral marketer's dilemma is to identify, categorize and target people for initial reception and replication of the vendor's message. The primary message itself should be highly contagious in order for it to be adopted and replicated easily and regularly. Viral marketing campaigns can be 'low integration', frictionless model where the original consumer is essentially passive in the transaction. The famous example is Hotmail's early 1990s campaign which gave away free e-mail addresses, incorporating a vendor advertisement. Each consumer provided Hotmail with a free distribution network and qualified leads of persons who were already had an email account, and might be interested in switching to free account for their personal correspondence. Campaigns of this type rapidly build customer acquisition and enhance customer retention because the consumer is locked-in to the service as switching will be disruptive. The alternative is a 'high integration', active marketing campaign where the consumer opts-in to a service or product - newsletters and RSS feeds are obvious examples -- or where the consumer seeks a reward for promoting the vendors goods/services. Affiliate programs are obvious examples of the latter. The open source software community has made considerable use of viral marketing strategies. Such communities tend to be made up of 'tech-fluential' specialists who lock-in to the product and derive personal benefits through original contributions to its development. They are self-perpetuating 'hives' with opinion leaders (e-fluentials) who collect, analyze, interpret and disseminate the latest news to others both within and outside the hive who respect the hive's expertise in the field. There are conflicting studies as to the number of persons e-fluentials can actually reach, but it is estimated that in the USA 92% of surfers regularly turn to 8% of e-fluentials for information and that e-fluentials can routinely reach 11 people with positive messages and 19 people with negative messages as information is pulled from consumers (as opposed to pushed by a vendor) from this communication channel. In this context, viral marketing can assist open source software developers (OSSD) to build critical mass to overcome the chasm between establishing the product with tech-fluential early adopters, and gaining market share in the more risk-averse mainstream market. The developer's aim will be to establish the product as the industry standard as once the product reaches this stage of its life-cycle it will be clear that the product is stable, reliable and well-supported. Since the source software is license-fee free to consumers the developer seeks to monetize his/her time investment through add-on services such as consultancy and the sale of complementary goods/services, such as hardware and hosting. As with any marketing campaign an OSSD needs to ensure that the product advertised is suited to the medium to be used. Viral marketing campaigns are particularly effective when the message is contagious in and of it-self, the replicators and recipients perceive a value in forwarding the message to their circle of influence and the product is easily reproducible and easily and exclusively distributed over the

Cropping Pattern And Cropping Schedule Environmental Sciences Essay

Cropping Pattern And Cropping Schedule Environmental Sciences Essay Chapter 1 Introduction Background Agriculture is a crucial role in the careers of nations all over the world. As the focal point of the agricultural sector is to raise the crop yield and to fulfill the food security for continuing population increase, irrigation becomes vital support to provide additional water. Nowadays, precipitation cannot be reliable in many parts of the world and temperature increases continuously due to the climate change. Moreover, there are changes in air temperature and increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Furthermore, geographical changes might also have severe effect on the local water resources. As a result, water resources become scare and it threats a serious challenge to irrigation water supply, agriculture water demand, food security, and environmental protection. Irrigation water resources and agricultural water demand are strongly vulnerable. As climate change affects hydrological cycles locally and globally, its potential changes will have a significant impact on agriculture and water resources. There is an increasing stress of the impact of climate change on water resources and probable implications for water resource management. The consequences of climate change may alter the reliability, the amount and timing of river flow, challenge the coping capacities of existing water-related infrastructures and bring higher risks of water shortages and floods. Myanmar (formerly called as Burma)which locates in South East Asia lying between 10 ° and 29 ° N latitude and between 92 ° and101 ° longitudes, also suffers from climate change impacts on water cycle due to the sudden change of weather pattern. Flood and long drought occurs consequently and thus sustainability of water environment in some areas is facing difficulties. Moreover, rainfall pattern and intensity have been evidently changing in some regions of the country according to topographical condition. There are three climate conditions in Myanmar specified as summer, rainy and winter seasons. Two third area of the country enjoys in the tropics and the remaining one third falls within temperate climate conditions. Average annual rainfall in coastal regions is over 5000 mm and in the Dry Zone which locates in Central Myanmar is less than 750mm. The average temperature is 21 °C in northern regions which are the coolest areas and 32 °C in coastal area. Temperature sometime s reaches to 40 °C during the hot seasons and over in central dry zone areas which are the hottest regions in Myanmar. Water resources in Myanmar are absolutely abundant and can be used to fulfill the agricultural water demand and other sectors. Agriculture is a main economic sector in Myanmar and rice-based irrigation systems, have been implemented to improve agricultural production. Paddy fields are mostly found in the delta region which includes Ayeyarwady, Bago and Yangon region of Lower Myanmar and central dry zone areas which includes Mandalay, Sagaing and Magway regions (Figure 1). Irrigation Projects have been implementing a lot in Myanmar to stabilize traditional rainfed rice and to introduce double-rice to promote the rice production. According to the hydrological conditions it is divided into two seasons, wet and dry. Paddies are traditionally cultivated by monsoon rain during the wet season. Summer paddies have grown as a second rice crop throughout the dry season according to the water availability in the regions where irrigation projects have been initiated. The delta region in lower Myanmar is the major rice production area. As water resources are affected adversely by global climate change, it makes seriously vulnerable to crop water requirement. Ngamoeyeik Irrigation Project Area which is just outside of Yangon City in Lower Myanmar, paddy cultivation during rainy season has traditionally been conducted under rainfed conditions and summer paddies with irrigation were added since 1995 after the project has been completed. Both paddies are cultivated completely in the rainy and summer periods, respectively. Summer paddies are cultivated only by irrigation. As there is no rain within the dry season, and the reservoir inflow is very limited. Therefore, the summer paddies are constrained by the limited water-storage in the reservoir during the dry season. Considering the wide range of the adverse effect in this area, there is needed to evaluate and access future irrigation water requirement in a changing climate for promoting crop producti on. D:1st proposalfor introduction6_page10_image1.gif Figure Regions in Myanmar Rice, wheat, and maize are predominate three grain-crops for food, and these are the products of agriculture sector, coming from rain fed and irrigated fields. Statement of the problem According to the Asian Development Bank (2009), Myanmar is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change associated with global warming. Summer paddies are cultivated only by irrigation in lower Myanmar. In dry season, the reservoir inflow is very limited and consequently the water availability of summer paddies is very limited. Severe climate change effects could affect the irrigation water requirement as well as the production of rice and other crops on which the population depends. Decreasing rainfall and increasing temperature pose an insufficient demand for crop and cause delay in agricultural cycles. As a result, it will disturb crop growth in the subsequent months. During the growing season, abnormal weather will damage the crops and in the harvesting period, adverse climate can damage the ripening crop. This study will compare and evaluate the impact climate change and estimate and manage the crop water requirement to cope with the future scare water resources. aaaaaa Objectives The specific objectives of this study are as follows: to analyze the future climate change impact for projection period of 2015 to 2030 using statistical downscaling analysis method (SDSM 4.2), to find out the future irrigation water requirements for rice production with climate change impact using AquaCrop, to make adaptations in order to enhance and manage the irrigation water demand to cope with the future scare water resources. Chapter 2 Literature Review Chapter 3 Methodology Conceptual framework for evaluating future crop water requirement Purpose and Strategy of evaluation of future irrigation water requirement Objectives of future irrigation water requirement evaluation Rice is the main food in Myanmar and it is also a major crop of the agriculture sector. The Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation (MOAI) has imposed summer paddy cultivation with irrigation in 1992-1993 to promote the rice production. Irrigation water requirement will change under changing climate with the effects of decreasing rainfall patterns and increasing temperature. Moreover as climate change directly impacts on rice production, there has to be evaluated and adopted the future agricultural water requirements under the combined effects of growing population demands and competition from other economic sectors under future socioeconomic development. Smajstrla and Zazueta (1995) state that the irrigation water requirement (IWR) for crop production is the amount of water that must be applied to fulfill a crops evapotranspiration needs in addition to rainfall without significant yield reduction . It has to be needed that irrigation water applied to paddies cultivation must be fixed the different water requirement with the different growing stages. Therefore, future irrigation water requirement with climate change impact must be assessed to conduct proper management for rice cultivation. The main objective of evaluation of future irrigation water requirement is to promote the rice production with proper management to meet the crop water requirement under changing climate. To achieve this aim the evaluation embraces all required data concerning the impacts of climate change combining the growing population and environmental impacts. Description of the study area Location Ngamoeyeik Irrigatin Project is one of the large irrigation projects in Lower Myanmar. It has been developed by the Department of Irrigation under the counsel of the Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation. The project was completed in March, 1995. The project is situated in Hlegu Township, which is about 20-50 km northeast of Yangon City (Fig.3.1). The target area of the irrigated cultivation is 28,330 ha. There is also a plan to supply water to Yangon City for domestic use with the amount of 0.41 MCM per day.. The area is bounded by creeks and rivers providing natural drainage, such as the Balar Creek, Khayein Creek and Bago River (Fig.3.2). The project area is mostly within Hlegu Township. Location about 20-50 km northeast of Yangon City (in Hlegu Township) Name of river Ngamoeyeik Creek Catchment area 28330 ha Average annual rainfall 2540 millimeters Average annual inflow Dam type earthen dam Dam length 1.86 kilometers Dam height 22.9 meters Full storage volume 222 million cubic meter Dead storage volume 15 million cubic meter Type of spillway Width of spillway Designed spillway discharge Full supply level C:UsersUserAppDataLocalMicrosoftWindowsTemporary Internet FilesContent.Word1 Water Resources Evaluation for Paddy Irrigation_037.png Climate Climate of the study area is warm and tropical and enjoys the southwest monsoon. The rainfall is rich enough for rice cultivation. Even in drought years, the region receives a stable with average annual rainfall of 2,540 mm. This region has a rainy season and dry season in a year. Rivers, rivulets and natural drainages are flooding every year during the rainy season due to the monsoon heavy rain. However, their flow discharges are very limited and there is almost no rain within the dry season. Daily average temperature is above 25  ¾Ã… ¸ C throughout a year. Thus, the region has a favorable weather environment for rice cultivation for a round-year, even in the dry season if water is available. Soil Type The rice soils of Lower Burma are gley soils or degraded soils or are intermediate between these two types (Karmanov, I. I). These soils are widely distributed in Lower Burma. (http://www.cabdirect.org/abstracts/19601902538.html) The rice yields will be highest on heavy loamy soil and light clayey gley soils and lowest on degraded soils. Cropping Pattern and Cropping Schedule Rice, wheat, and maize are three major crops for food, and these are the main products of agriculture sector, under rainfed and irrigated fields. Table Cropping pattern in Hlegu Township, 1999-2000 Cultivation Area Rice is grown in this region twice a year, rainny paddies are totally cultivated under rainfed condition from June to November and the summer paddies with irrgation are from December to May. The summer paddies were started in 1995 after completion of the project. Rainfed rice are cultivated annually in the basin about 35,000 ha . During the last 6 years, from 1996-97 to 2001-02, an average area of 14,000 ha has been irrigated for summer paddies within the project area. The total area of irrigated summer paddies was up to about 18,500 ha, 65% of the project service area, in the year 2000.

Dentistry :: essays research papers

I began this paper with certain ideas regarding the carries process. It is a known fact that fluoride helps to prevent carious lesions. Not a whole lot of studies or information is out there on what I sought out to find. That would be the relationship between calcium phosphate and carious lesions. I am familiar with the remineralization process of enamel, and so I decided my topic would appropriately be that calcium phosphate can prevent carious lesions by helping to remineralize the enamel. It was difficult to find material to support this topic. While researching, I came across numerous products that contain calcium phosphate and claim to what I would like it to do.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Carious lesions don’t just develop over night. It is a process and it takes a long time, any where from six months to two years. Dental caries is a dynamic process characterized by alternating periods of demineralization and remineralization (Harris and Garcia-Godoy 45). Enamel is composed of densely packed hydroxyapatite crystals. The hydroxyapatite crystals are made up of tricalcium phosphate. During demineralization this is what is lost. Once enough of this mineral is lost, part of the tooth structure will collapse forming a cavity. Remineralization is when those ions lost are redeposited in a demineralized area. It all starts small. We have that wonderful acquired pellicle which is like fly paper for bacteria. When the bacteria accumulates a plaque is now present. The bacterial plaque will produce acids, which can eventually cause the enamel structure to collapse (Winston 1580).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Since calcium and phosphate are what is lost during demineralization, for the remineralization to occur we must replace these minerals. Saliva naturally contains calcium and phosphate (Winston 1580). Each person can have a different salivary concentration of these minerals. It was found that men have a higher concentration of salivary calcium than women (Sewon 917). There are any number of factors that play hand in hand with a high level of salivary calcium. High calcium content of the saliva gives us a high rate of remineralization after initial demineralization. It was noted that the number of decayed, missing, or filled teeth was lower in patients with high salivary calcium (males). Some drawbacks to having this much mineral content in the saliva are more bleeding on probing. This is due to an increase in plaque. It was also found that this calcium rich plaque hardens very rapidly.

The Academic Standards of Schools Today

College or technical schools are supposed to be the gateway to higher paying careers, but most are not all that they are cracked up to be. The standards and goals that society wants met are continually not being met by the students today. Also, many higher learning facilities lack the funds to provide positive learning environments for students. For these reasons and many more are keeping the students of today from benefiting fully from schools. Society today has to make some new choices for the students of tomorrow, choices that will carry them into the next millennium. Society can either â€Å"lower standards so that everybody â€Å"passes† in a way that looses all meaning in the real world† or † raise standards and then meet them† (Barber 479). I personally believe in raising our expectations and doing whatever is needed to meet them. Our countries standards are among the lowest in the world and † at the same moment as we are transferring our responsibilities to the shoulders of the next generation, we are blaming them for our own generation†s most conspicuous failures† (Barber 472). Every election year the candidates use something about education as one of their platforms, but few ever carry through with them once they are elected. Most education bills die in congress in some shape or another and the ones that actually make it through congress, are usually ineffective because they have been changed and modified to the point of ineffectiveness. Also, many of the learning facilities today lack the funding to provide adequate, positive learning environments for students. Underpaid teachers and professors who † make less than accountants architects, doctors, lawyers, engineers, judges, health professionals, auidiors, and surveyors† and thus many student disregard teachers as role models. If people see someone who can score touchdowns or dunk a basketball making millions while their teachers are scraping bottom to survive, then how can an educator possibly motivate them to learn (Barber 470). Many people chase after their â€Å"dreams† of money instead of seeing the reality of learning. Although society today rates an education as one of their top priorities, they still allow learning facilities to become broken and run down. Like animals, children and adults file into buildings with bad floors, horrible plumbing, leaky roofs and ceilings, and pack into desk, usually 35+ per educator. Today the government spends $35,000 a year to keep someone behind bars and only a fraction of that to keep them in school (Barber 475). Tuition, room, and board at most colleges now come to at least $7,000, not counting books and fees. This might seem to suggest that the colleges are getting rich. But they are equally battered by inflation. Tuition covers only 60 percent of what it cost to educate a student, and ordinarily the remainder comes from what colleges receive in endowments, grants, and gifts† (Bird 498). Its about time we started to provide more money. Funding more for education wont solve every problem but no problem can even begin to be solved without it. The so-called higher learning facilities of today are selling students short when it comes to their education. Properly funding the education system and setting new standards for the future is an important part of education reform. Education reform for the US is a vital part of insuring the future for students and bringing them up to the standards set by other countries. The Academic Standards of Schools Today College or technical schools are supposed to be the gateway to higher paying careers, but most are not all that they are cracked up to be. The standards and goals that society wants met are continually not being met by the students today. Also, many higher learning facilities lack the funds to provide positive learning environments for students. For these reasons and many more are keeping the students of today from benefiting fully from schools. Society today has to make some new choices for the students of tomorrow, choices that will carry them into the next millennium. Society can either â€Å"lower standards so that everybody â€Å"passes† in a way that looses all meaning in the real world† or † raise standards and then meet them† (Barber 479). I personally believe in raising our expectations and doing whatever is needed to meet them. Our countries standards are among the lowest in the world and † at the same moment as we are transferring our responsibilities to the shoulders of the next generation, we are blaming them for our own generation†s most conspicuous failures† (Barber 472). Every election year the candidates use something about education as one of their platforms, but few ever carry through with them once they are elected. Most education bills die in congress in some shape or another and the ones that actually make it through congress, are usually ineffective because they have been changed and modified to the point of ineffectiveness. Also, many of the learning facilities today lack the funding to provide adequate, positive learning environments for students. Underpaid teachers and professors who † make less than accountants architects, doctors, lawyers, engineers, judges, health professionals, auidiors, and surveyors† and thus many student disregard teachers as role models. If people see someone who can score touchdowns or dunk a basketball making millions while their teachers are scraping bottom to survive, then how can an educator possibly motivate them to learn (Barber 470). Many people chase after their â€Å"dreams† of money instead of seeing the reality of learning. Although society today rates an education as one of their top priorities, they still allow learning facilities to become broken and run down. Like animals, children and adults file into buildings with bad floors, horrible plumbing, leaky roofs and ceilings, and pack into desk, usually 35+ per educator. Today the government spends $35,000 a year to keep someone behind bars and only a fraction of that to keep them in school (Barber 475). Tuition, room, and board at most colleges now come to at least $7,000, not counting books and fees. This might seem to suggest that the colleges are getting rich. But they are equally battered by inflation. Tuition covers only 60 percent of what it cost to educate a student, and ordinarily the remainder comes from what colleges receive in endowments, grants, and gifts† (Bird 498). Its about time we started to provide more money. Funding more for education wont solve every problem but no problem can even begin to be solved without it. The so-called higher learning facilities of today are selling students short when it comes to their education. Properly funding the education system and setting new standards for the future is an important part of education reform. Education reform for the US is a vital part of insuring the future for students and bringing them up to the standards set by other countries.

The Influence of Ganster Films such as New Jack City and Menace to Society

Warshow began the essay saying â€Å"America is committed to a cheerful view of life†. Warshow is referring particularly to the movies but also to comic books and pulp fiction . Those that perpetuate the notion of what constitutes the gangster himself but also his environment, motivation and modus operandi. The intolerable dilemma is that failure is a kind of death and success is evil and dangerous, are ultimately impossible. The effect of the gangster film is to embody this dilemma in the person of the gangster and resolve it by â€Å"his death, not ours, we are safe for the moment and can acquiesce in our failure, we can choose to fail. This essay makes me think that most gangster movies can help and also hurt the viewer. It all depends on the state of mind of the individual. Watching movie such as â€Å"New Jack City† and â€Å"Menace to Society† made people in my community act out, not in a fearful way but in a more gangster way. More crimes took place after young viewers watched these types of films; maybe in the suburbs people felt safe but not in our neighborhood. Movies such as these were made to show people the rise and fall of a gangster. However it depends on the individual that watches these types of films and what they gather from it. Take for instance, if a person has never been to the projects and had seen this type of activity take place; they may watch one of these films and not get Influenced by it . On the other hand, people who live in the projects that see drug dealers and so called gangsters, begin to glorify this kind of lifestyle because this is what they see on a day to day basis. Warshows’ intolerable dilemmas sometimes resolve in our death. Some people can see a film and know in the end that the gangster will end up dead or on a bus to prison but for some reason that never scares them from trying to get the same fame that the gangster has in the film. Take for example, the film â€Å"New Jack City â€Å"staring Wesley Snipes as the notorious Neno Brown; it shows two sides of a gangster. Neno kills people over drugs and territory but the film also shows him feeding the poor on Thanksgiving and handing money out to children and preachers. Neno starts out as an average street hustler with dreams of one day being a drug kingpin. His dream seems to be reachable when his brother introduces him to the new drug crack cocaine. Neno then builds a street team to help run his empire. He operates his crack business the same as any other business like Wal-Mart. In a way Neno was like a ghetto Robinhood. He robs the rich and sells dope to the poor. This is what makes this essay one sided. People living in the ghetto are simply products of their environment. They are simply forced into this life that is fictional to others. A gangster’s motivation is always something he feels like he has first and before anyone else. It may be a new car, jewelry or a luxury home. Most movies about a fictional gangster are always stemmed from a real person that has already failed as a gangster, either dead or in prison. Most of the gangster movies we watch today are real life stories. Filmmakers just put a twist on the story and change the names around. People from the lower class watch these movies and often blur out the bad ending rather than being in fear of the same ending happening to them. Most gangster movies have a hero from both sides. The lower class people root for the villain while the middle and upper class root for the main detective that usually brings the gangster to his untimely demise. Most kids are fascinated with gangsters because of their lavish and glorious lifestyle that are portrayed by he media. Lower class children do not live next door to doctors or lawyers so they do not glorify their lifestyles . They can just turn on the television and see a gangster anytime they want and to some, glorifying a gangster is real and gives them something to believe in. When they see a gangster in the neighborhood, everyone is nice to him out of fear not respect but as a child, he will grow up thinking that type of lifestyle is o. k. because everyone will be too scared to tell him that this individual is scum and that he does not want to be like him when he grows up.

Blackboy essays

Blackboy essays Black Boy: The Meaning of American Hunger When a person thinks about hunger, food comes to mind. We never think of hunger as anything else. In Richard Wright's book titled Black Boy (American Hunger), a young boy faces many different types of hunger. He refers to the phrase American Hunger throughout his book. I feel that the American Hunger which he is referring to is the hunger to be considered an American and be treated as an equal. Throughout his life he was treated as if he were from another planet. He was always considered to be different, an outcast and a loser. He felt the need to be a part of the so-called American Culture. He wanted to be able to do what the white children did. He wanted to be able to go to school, to learn, to read, have friends, have a job; but because he was an African American he could not. This is what I will be discussing in this paper his intellectual hunger. Richard was so eager to learn that he kept constantly asking questions, and if his questions were left unanswered he would let his imagination take over.. He would try to find work in which he would be able to read some of the books. His family and relatives refused to let him learn. There is one incident in which his schoolteacher read to him. His grandmother got angry and said that reading was devils work. Through out his childhood he heard many terms and phrases. He never understood what they meant but once they were said he knew if they were good or bad. For example, when Richard was taking a bath and his grandmother came in to scrub his backside, Richard replied with, "When you get through, kiss back there." This is just one of the many phrases he said in which he did not know the meaning. Through his eagerness to learn he began to understand himself, other blacks, and whites better. He continues to learn and to play dumb for his own survival. His self education began when a co -worker lent Richard his library card to read Mencken's essa...

Whats My Age Again essays

Whats My Age Again essays Children have become increasingly violent since the 1970s. Today more gangs exist and homicides occur than in the past thirty years. Crime rates have only dropped slightly in the five previous years (Vieregge n.p.). Now that more juvenile delinquents are entering the justice system, the question arises as to how they should be tried. Being tried in a juvenile court for a serious offense is much like a slap on the wrist. Sure, they can be sent to an adult correctional facility if sentenced to it in a juvenile court, but the longest amount of served will be twenty years. In contrast, trying a juvenile as an adult guarantees that the youth will be held accountable for his or her actions. Children commit violent acts throughout the United States and believe that they cannot be held responsible for their actions; such a practice should change and violent juvenile should be used as examples to the rest of the countrys youth by being tried as adults in the United States Justice Syste m. Overall, the crimes of juveniles have become much larger and the ages of the delinquents have dropped considerably since the first juvenile court was established in 1899. The main purpose of this court was to deal with miscreants that threw bricks or rocks through windows (Butterfield 154). Today, the juvenile courts have a much harder task at hand. In 1985 and 1986, Howard Snyder found an increase of 75 percent among juveniles for crimes involving drugs (Hurst 2). The crime rates seem to have sky-rocketed ever since the early 1980s. The fastest growing crime has become possession of a loaded gun. Yet, the youth of America are not just carrying those loaded guns and not using them. The year of 1991 produced armed robbery exceeding drug-related offenses (Kramer 213). The two previous years had brought a 26 percent increase in juveniles arrested for murder and non-negligent manslaughter. Those same two years lead to a 17 percent increase...

Sample Report Card Comments for Social Studies

Sample Report Card Comments for Social Studies Creating a strong report card comment is not an easy feat. Teachers must find the appropriate phrase that suites that particular students progress thus far. Its always best to begin on a positive note, then you can go into what the student needs to work on. To help assist in writing out your report card comments for social studies, use the following phrases.   Positive Reinforcement In writing comments for elementary student report cards, use the following positive phrases regarding students progress in social studies. Is on the path to becoming a great historian.Social Studies is his/her best subject.Is able to use a map, globe, or atlas to locate continents, oceans, and hemispheres.identifies a variety of social structures in which they live, learn, work and play.Recognizes and understands national holidays, people and symbols.Describes the locations of school and community and understand the parts of a map.Understands laws, rules, and good citizenship.Exhibits a positive outlook and attitude about history.Uses social studies vocabulary correctly while speaking.Demonstrates a deep understanding of social studies concepts.Learns new social studies vocabulary quickly.Has demonstrated increased social skills, such as...Applies process skills in social studies.Uses and applies above level process skills in social studies and uses them to analyze and evaluate information.Takes an active part in discussions pertinent to ___. Encouraging Words In addition to the phrases above, here are a few words and phrases to help you prepare positive descriptive statements. hard-workingdependablecreativerespectfulefficienttalentedself-disciplinedwilling to try againapplies him- or herselfshows effort Aim For Improvement On those occasions when you need to convey less than positive information on a students report card regarding social studies, use the following phrases to assist you. Has difficulty understanding the differences between the...Struggles to understand the influence of...Does not yet demonstrate an understanding of social studies concepts and content.Support is needed in using social studies vocabulary correctly.Support is needed to apply skills in social studies.Would benefit from supervision of homework in social studies.Needs to demonstrate improvement in academic work if he/she is to gain the fundamentals needed for this grade.Has difficulty using a map, a globe, and an atlas to locate continents, oceans, and hemispheres.Has difficulty identifying the significance of place names originated by...Does not complete social studies assignments in the allotted time.Has difficulty locating major landforms and bodies of water in...As we discussed in our last parent-teacher conference, ________s attitude toward the social studies is lacking...Requires repetition to retain information in...Support is needed to apply process skills in social studies.Demonst rates a need for consistent effort and motivation, especially in... Guiding Words In addition to the phrases above, here are a few words and phrases to help you when concerns are evident and a student in need of assistance. Demonstrates a need forRequires help withCould benefit fromNeeds to be encouraged toRequires support toNeeds to be encouraged toNeeds to demonstrate improvement inNeeds help to increaseWould benefit from learningNeeds to be encouraged to comply with

Project management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Project management - Research Paper Example Project management is also governed by time allocated to achieve a specific goal or objective. A proper management activity involves attaining of a goal within a specific time allocated for the completion of the activities. In management of projects, creation, implementation and measurement of results determine the effectiveness of a project management strategy (Lock, 2007). Additionally, project management involves the creation of outstanding technical skills and distinct management strategies. Each project management objective has a concept phase that has general guidelines regardless of the set goals and objectives. The concept phase in project management involves; Development of the concept statement Completion of the business analysis Review of the project concept Project concepts are principles on which a project is based. In any project management activity concepts refer to the guidelines which are set aside for mangers to follow. For instance, there is a concept which require s originality or reliable sources to be used in the creation of assumptions and results. According to Cooke-Davies (2002) project management concepts create the guidelines which govern the direction of decision making by project managers. The author further argues that project management concepts change depending on the scope of the project portfolio. For instance, the concepts used in project management portfolio in psychology and business may not be similar (Lock, 2007). History The implementation of project management strategies in organizations dates back to the 1950s. Prior to this development, engineering projects in the 1900 were controlled by engineers, master builders and architects. In the 1950, organizations started practicing complex project management project in civil engineering. In words by Loch (2000) these complex civil engineering projects required more than just supervising from experienced architects. The author further argues that the activities involved in the projects required single project management capabilities that had to be monitored in each phase. This created the concepts that initialized the activities involved in project management. Project management then grew as a discipline to other fields like heavy defense activity, construction and engineering. In the growth of project management two figures played a major role in this particular growth. They are Henri Fayol and Henry Gantt. At the same time there were also developments in project scheduling models, cost management strategies, technology of cost estimating and engineering economics. The growth of project management was further boosted by the creation of the American Association of Cost Engineers. This body aided in cost estimation strategies, cost estimating, planning and scheduling portfolios (Stevens, 2002). In 1969, there was the creation of project management institute in the USA. The body publishes A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge which is describe s the practices used in most projects and often (Dinsmore et.al, 2005). Project management basics There are five basic of project management. These five basics are connected together strategically to bring out the whole process of project management. These five basics are represented in the diagram below. The process commences at initializing which involves project feasibility and project initiating. Then the process advances to planning which includes formulating of schedule task lists,

Prayer in School Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Prayer in School - Essay Example I think that the government should be focused on the school's academics, not what religion they are to study. The proposed amendments would cause nothing but trouble considering that there would be many arguments on what beliefs should be taught. Religion is private and schools are public. Having any prayer in school goes against the basis in which our country was formed upon. America came into being because colonists wanted religious freedom. Our founding fathers carefully wrote the constitution to grant the freedom of separation of church and state. A prayer created and supported by a government violate the very essence of the spirit in which the US was formed. It was not until 1962, in the case of Engel v. Vitale, that the Supreme Court ruled that the voluntary prayer used to begin the day in New York public schools was unconstitutional. [Paul D. Kauper, 1963] The prayer, created by the New York Board of Regents, read, "Almighty God, we acknowledge our dependence on Thee, and we beg Thy blessings upon us, our parents, our teachers and our country."[Geoffrey R. Stone, 1983] The decision to ban school-sponsored prayer was "so unpopular that many school districts simply have disregarded it."[Greenawalt] In fact, a 1980 American National Election Study found that 72.1% of Americans believe that schools should be allowed to start each day with a prayer.[Kirk W. Elifson and C. Kirk Hadaway] Since the banning of organized prayer in public schools in 1962, the nation has been in steady moral decline. Divorce rates, teen pregnancy, violent crime, and drug use have all increased. Many school prayer supporters believe there is a direct correlation between the removal of prayer from public schools and the decline of morality. Religious conservatives are convinced that religious influence in the schools is necessary to teach students morals and values. Through their rulings, the court has also defined some times and conditions under which public school students may pray, or otherwise practice a religion at any time before, during or after the school-day, as long as your prayers do not interfere with other students. In meetings of organized prayer or worship groups, either informally or as a formal school organization. Before eating a meal at school -- as long as the prayer does not disturb other students. In some states, student-led prayers or invocations are still delivered at graduations due to lower court rulings. [Geoffrey R Stone] However, the Supreme Court's ruling of June 19, 2000 may bring this practice to an end. Some states provide for a daily "moment of silence" to be observed as long as students are not encouraged to "pray" during the silent period. As society goes we have things we would be better suited addressing than whether or not kids get to go to a crusade. Kids seem to have a better handle on it than we adults. If your kid gets out of school two hours to hear a nondenominational sermon why are you concerned There are far worse things for your kid to get out of school for. If your religion does not believe in a God then your kid should be firmly grounded in your faith that he cannot be swayed by listening to this. [Riley M. Sinder & John K. Lopker] Prayers in public school should be allowed as it may inculcate the belief that God exists. In today's world, many are turning out to be infidel and many are following

Universal Design of Instruction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Universal Design of Instruction - Essay Example That is, the product or environment is designed in such a way that it satisfies the needs of a variety of users including those who are physically disabled. The Center for Universal Design (CUD) at the North Carolina State University established seven principles for UD (Burgstahler, 2009), which provides the basis for all applications of UD including for instructional purposes. These form a general architectural paradigm and are listed in the table below. By applying the general principles of UD to teaching, we can derive guidelines for instruction to students, which are called UDI. The CUD defines UDI as â€Å"the design of instruction to be usable by all students, without the need for adaptation or specialized design†. A prominent figure that applied UD principles to education was Frank Bowe (2000). A related concept is Universal Design for Learning (UDL), which the Center for Applied Special Technology (CAST) defines as â€Å"a framework for designing curricula that enables all individuals to gain knowledge, skills, and enthusiasm for learning†. Thus, the classroom environment, curriculum, instructional materials and procedures, facilities etc. can all be designed in a way that they fulfill the needs of a variety of students. The students may have a range of abilities, learning styles, and backgrounds and this includes disabled students especially. There are two further benefits of UDI: one is that it minimizes the need to arrange for accommodating students with special needs, and another is that specific features of the UDI benefit not only the type of students for which it is intended but also others. For example, captioning in instructional videos is done to help the deaf but other students can also derive benefit. CAST clarifies that by being universal, it is not intended that the instruction be suitable for every type of learner; rather, â€Å"it is meant to underscore the need

Poem Explication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Poem Explication - Essay Example There are six stanzas in it, but none of them follow traditional poetic forms or a set meter. Instead, Hughes allows the lines to be choppy, like how he imagines a hawk might think. The animal's self-impression is given as he seems to judge his body, "on falsifying dream / Between my hooked head and hooked feet: / Or in sleep rehearse perfect kills and eat" (2-4). The thoughts are presented as fragments only loosely connected to each other. As the hawk surveys his land through these choppy thoughts, it becomes clear he considers himself the master of his domain, â€Å"Nothing has changed since I began. / My eye has permitted no change. / I am going to keep things like this† (22-24). The mind of the hawk is flighty, but shows two primary drives -- an appreciation for beautiful detail and a deadly purpose. Hughes demonstrates a strong understanding of the hawk's world as something that is both beautiful and terrible. He says, "the earth's face is upward" (8) as he talks about th e trees poking into the sky, the buoyant air of the mountain and the warm sunshine. These details bring to mind a beautiful spring day glittering with promise.

The UK Motor Insurance Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The UK Motor Insurance Industry - Essay Example The last few years have seen the major insurers cut costs and attempt to consolidate their market share with a wave of mergers and take-overs. The current state of the industry is marked by competition. The future will be driven by innovation, and will benefit the UK consumer. The private motor underwriting result deteriorated in 2005, as the market returned a loss of 232 million. The private motor underwriting loss has been increasing since 2001 when it approached the break-even mark with a loss of only 86 and the market has not made a profit since 1994. This has resulted in the consolidation of the industry as smaller insurers find it more difficult to compete. In both private and commercial motor insurers, the top 20 companies are responsible for over 95% of the business (The Association of British Insurers 2007). This trend is likely to continue as smaller companies continue to stand losses and are forced to merge, consolidate, or innovate. The Internet has offered brokers a new low cost outlet to offer competitive rates to consumers. According to Lee Mooney, Admiral motor product group manager says, "The Internet is growing in importance as a medium because of the savings it can offer big insurers"(Lorenz 2002 p.12). The obvious success of direct insurance companies prompted traditional insurance players to set up their own distinct direct insurance brands. It is forecast that by the end of 2007, 20% of the motor insurance will be sold over the Internet (The Association of British Insurers 2007). "The development of websites and of broadband Internet access is likely to lead to more integrated insurance purchasing, as consumers research the Web and then choose a direct supplier either online or through a retail outlet" (The Association of British Insurers 2007). One of the driving forces behind the need to lower costs through direct marketing has been the increased cost of servicing claims. The nature on motor insurance is such that the client is paying a fee now for a service to be rendered in the future (Abdelhamid 2005 p.214). Fluctuations in claims due to inflation and rising repair rates may exceed the premium value. This has forced insurers to become dependent on the value of the return on the invested premiums. When investment value drops, this places the insurer in jeopardy of taking a loss on the claim. This has had the effect of promoting lower cost Internet and call centre based sales activities. As direct marketing companies proliferate they also look to differentiate their products. In 2005, Admiral launched MultiCar. Drivers who have 2 or more cars in their household could get a discount of up to 23% on their motor car insurance (Cheap Car Insurance). Norwich, a division of Aviva since its merger with CGU in 2000, offers the pay as you drive program. They offer a black box telemetry system that bills you for the miles you drive (Could pay-as-you-drive insurance work 2004). Innovations in service and pricing will continue to drive the industry. Norwich Union, the largest automobile insurer in the Great Britain, has set up its own medical clinic to treat victims of car accidents involving its policyholders. They have their own clinics, doctors and therapists that treat people making claims. It quickens recovery, cuts costs, and limits the potential of future litigation. This is one more innovation that is driving the motor insurance industry. Motor insurance has gone through a revolution

Discussing Public Administration Select Committee, Service Committee, Assignment

Discussing Public Administration Select Committee, Service Committee, Human Rights Act of 1998 - Assignment Example The Standards and Privileges Committee investigated claims that Peter Mandelson – the then Secretary of State for Trade and Industry – had contravened the individual ministerial responsibility by receiving a loan of  £373,000 from Geoffrey Robinson – the then Paymaster General of the Treasury. This case was exacerbated by claims that Robbinson had been involved in financial misconduct that Mandelson had overlooked. The committee presented its findings in which they found that Mandelson had erred and violated the ministerial responsibility. The Public Administration Select Committee conducted a review of Jo Moore, special adviser to Stephen Byers – the then Transport Secretary –, conduct in making public sensitive government information. In addition to Moore resigning, Byers was also asked to resign since he was Moore’s immediate supervisor thereby creating a situation in which he (Myers) had contravened the ministerial responsibility. For that matter, they determined that Myers, as the secretary in charge of the ministry, was liable for the official conduct of his immediate subordinates. The Public Administration Select Committee sought to determine whether Ministers were accountable for their special advisor's actions. There sitting was necessitated by repeated incidences of government officials engaging in unbecoming conduct – as set by the ministerial responsibility – for which it was difficult to determine whether the cabinet secretaries, as their boss, were liable. The report referred to the Public Service Committee, Ministerial Accountability and Responsibility (HC 1996-97, 313) report to determine that in addition to constitutional accountability, cabinet secretaries were also personally responsible and liable for the conduct of the immediate personnel.

The UK Motor Insurance Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The UK Motor Insurance Industry - Essay Example The last few years have seen the major insurers cut costs and attempt to consolidate their market share with a wave of mergers and take-overs. The current state of the industry is marked by competition. The future will be driven by innovation, and will benefit the UK consumer. The private motor underwriting result deteriorated in 2005, as the market returned a loss of 232 million. The private motor underwriting loss has been increasing since 2001 when it approached the break-even mark with a loss of only 86 and the market has not made a profit since 1994. This has resulted in the consolidation of the industry as smaller insurers find it more difficult to compete. In both private and commercial motor insurers, the top 20 companies are responsible for over 95% of the business (The Association of British Insurers 2007). This trend is likely to continue as smaller companies continue to stand losses and are forced to merge, consolidate, or innovate. The Internet has offered brokers a new low cost outlet to offer competitive rates to consumers. According to Lee Mooney, Admiral motor product group manager says, "The Internet is growing in importance as a medium because of the savings it can offer big insurers"(Lorenz 2002 p.12). The obvious success of direct insurance companies prompted traditional insurance players to set up their own distinct direct insurance brands. It is forecast that by the end of 2007, 20% of the motor insurance will be sold over the Internet (The Association of British Insurers 2007). "The development of websites and of broadband Internet access is likely to lead to more integrated insurance purchasing, as consumers research the Web and then choose a direct supplier either online or through a retail outlet" (The Association of British Insurers 2007). One of the driving forces behind the need to lower costs through direct marketing has been the increased cost of servicing claims. The nature on motor insurance is such that the client is paying a fee now for a service to be rendered in the future (Abdelhamid 2005 p.214). Fluctuations in claims due to inflation and rising repair rates may exceed the premium value. This has forced insurers to become dependent on the value of the return on the invested premiums. When investment value drops, this places the insurer in jeopardy of taking a loss on the claim. This has had the effect of promoting lower cost Internet and call centre based sales activities. As direct marketing companies proliferate they also look to differentiate their products. In 2005, Admiral launched MultiCar. Drivers who have 2 or more cars in their household could get a discount of up to 23% on their motor car insurance (Cheap Car Insurance). Norwich, a division of Aviva since its merger with CGU in 2000, offers the pay as you drive program. They offer a black box telemetry system that bills you for the miles you drive (Could pay-as-you-drive insurance work 2004). Innovations in service and pricing will continue to drive the industry. Norwich Union, the largest automobile insurer in the Great Britain, has set up its own medical clinic to treat victims of car accidents involving its policyholders. They have their own clinics, doctors and therapists that treat people making claims. It quickens recovery, cuts costs, and limits the potential of future litigation. This is one more innovation that is driving the motor insurance industry. Motor insurance has gone through a revolution

Passport automation system Essay Example for Free

Passport automation system Essay The Passport Application System for Indian Nationals is being automated with a user-friendly interface and a strong back-end support. Every citizen of India who wishes to apply for his/her passport has to create a personal login account by registering himself/herself at first. From thereon, he/she can access the forms for the application process by logging in with the username and password for authentication. The passport applicant can apply either by: Normal application mode or Tatkal mode. Opting for the tatkal scheme costs the applicant an additional fee amount of Rs. 1000/- besides extra document proof submission. We basically have two categories of applicants: Fresh Passport Applicants Passport Renewal Applicants The applicants who are seeking their renewals must fill up an additional form regarding their old passport details. All the details entered by the applicants are validated upon submission and recorded in the database. The applicants have to scan and upload their original documents for proofs of citizenship, address, educational background, occupation, etc. The final step would be payment of the passport application fee that would be computed automatically based on the modes and category of applicant. After the payment is successfully carried out, an appointment date would be generated for in-person verification of the applicant by the passport authorities. A receipt slip would be generated as an acknowledgement for the completion of passport application process. SRS: 1. LOGIN/REGISTRATION: a. Basic Description . Users have to create their own login account by registering themselves. After filling up the registration form, the users can login to their account by entering username and passport for validation. b. Basic Flow: . New users will be directed to a registration page asking them to fill up the details like Name, DOB and other such trivial details. Filling up all the fields will be mandatory. Pre-Conditions: None Post-Conditions: After login, user will be prompted to choose the mode of applications. c. Alternative Flow: . If the user fails to login due to invalid username/password, the login screen will be reloaded again and again. Even if this doesn’t work, the user can try registering afresh. This usecase prompts the applicant to decide on either of the 2 application modes- normal or tatkal. b. Basic Flow . Entering into the normal mode will open up the application form directly. Pre-Conditions: Successful login with appropriate username and password. Post-Conditions: The applicant has to pay the passport fees according to the choice of application mode in a later stage. c. Alternative Flow . If the applicant chooses tatkal, an alert message is displayed indicating that additional charges are applicable. The flow resumes displaying the normal application form. Application Form: a. Basic Description . The applicant has to fill in all the mandatory fields in the given application form. Valid details are to be filled up without any ambiguity. b. Basic Flow . The applicant has to manually type in all the particulars required. Pre-Conditions: The applicant has to make his choice of mode of application. Post-Conditions: The form is subjected to validations. c. Alternative Flow . If the user wishes to terminate the session of form filling and proceed later, he can do so by quitting the process. If the user wants to renew his passport (i. e. not a fresh applicant), previous passport details are to be filled in for validation. b. Basic Flow . The renewal seekers are required to fill in their old passport details like Passport no, Date of Issue, Date of Expiry and Place of Issue Pre-Conditions: A valid old passport is to be produced to fill in the details. Post-Conditions: Authentication is done for the old passport existence before payment. c. Alternative Flow . None. 5. Document Submission: a. Basic Description Original documents need to be provided for various authentications by the passport authorities. b. Basic Flow . Scan the documents using a scanner and upload them to the database. This usecase validates the proofs of citizenship, address, education details, marital status and other such trivial details. Pre-Conditions: Valid documents like Birth Certificates, Licenses, Ration Cards, Bank Passbook, etc. Post-Conditions: Matching the submitted documents with the no of proofs required and validating. c. Alternative Flow . If the documents are insufficient, an alert message is displayed. Otherwise, no alternative flow here. 6. Fee Payment: a. Basic Description . The pre-computed payable amount is displayed in the form and payment options are displayed. b. Basic Flow . The payment is calculated based on the mode chosen (normal or tatkal) and the charges are listed explicitly. Payment is done here. Pre-Conditions: Completion of all forms and proper modes chosen already. Post-Conditions: Payment gateway is opened and receipt would be generated. c. Alternative Flow . Quit option to pay later on. Basic Description . This is the final step in passport automation process. A receipt is generated with an appointment date generated along with final application summary. b. Basic Flow . The generated receipt can either be printed (saved) to a file or directly printed using a printing device. Pre-Conditions: Full payment for passport is done. Post-Conditions: A valid receipt is generated as a proof of having completed the passport process. He/she has to visit the passport office in person on the appointment date allotted for final authentication.

Roles Of Women In The Fourth Gospel Religion Essay

Roles Of Women In The Fourth Gospel Religion Essay The voice of Raymond E. Brown concerning the Gospels, and especially the Fourth Gospel is an authoritative one. His bold and un-conventional opinions regarding the Gospels and Gospel studies have already made controversies chiefly among the conservative scholars. This article, Roles of Women in the Fourth Gospel is another study of Brown which touches a hot contemporary debate about the role of women in the Church and about the possibility of ordaining women to the priesthood. Though thirty six years have been passed after the publication of this article, still this is a contemporary debate in the Catholic Church, though the Magisterium has infallibly declared the impossibility of womens ordination since it is founded on the written Word of God, and from the beginning constantly preserved and applied in the tradition of the Church. Brown begins his article stating the possibility of different approaches concerning the biblical evidences in this particular debate. One approach that he mentions is a general discussion of first-century ecclesiology found in the NT texts. But he asks whether such evidence about the foundation of the Church and the institution of the sacramentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..is culturally conditioned? The second approach he points out is the discussion of the explicit texts that refer respectively to the equality and the subordination of women in society and cult. He bluntly states that he is not convinced of this discussion, since each text has a counter-text to support or deny. A third approach, that he wishes to follow is considering the general picture of women in the fourth Gospel, and in Johannine community. Before beginning the study he gives a general introduction to the Evangelist and his community. He highlights the peculiarity of the Johannine community, namely the importance given to t he following of Christ and obeying his word, rather than having special ecclesiastical charism from God. Brown starts his discussion saying that we do not have much information about church offices in the fourth Gospel, and about women in church offices. But he says the text of Martha serving at the table (diakonein) has a significance in the historical context (in the 90s) when such a service had been already become a ministry of an ordained person. Except for this one passage, Brown reminds, our discussion will be on the general position of women in the Johannine community. The story of the Samaritan woman is the first one to be discussed. Samaritan woman who perceives Jesus as Christ testifies this to others. The Evangelists comment that the Samaritan villagers believe because of the womans word (4,39. 42: dia ton logon pisteuein), says Brown, is noteworthy because it occurs again in the priestly prayer of Jesus for his disciples: I do not ask in behalf of these alone, but for those also who believe in Me through their word (17,20). Brown writes that the Evangelist can describe both a woman and disciples at he Last Supper as bearing witness to Jesus through preaching and thus bringing people to believe in him on the strength of their word. Then the author deals with the dialogue between Jesus and the disciples soon after the leaving of the Samaritan woman and just before the coming of the Samaritans to Jesus because of what the woman has told them. The important terms like apostellein, to sow, and to reap in this passage are clear proof of the real mis sionary function of the Samaritan woman, Brown states. The story explicates that the woman has sown the seed and thus prepared for the apostolic harvest. Chapter 20 is another example given by Brown to explain that the evangelist gives a quasi-apostolic role to a woman. Seeing the risen Christ is considered to be an integral part of the apostolate (1 Cor 9,1-2; Gal 1,11-16; 1 Cor 15,5; Lk 24,34). In the Fourth Gospel, it is a woman, Mary Magdalene who sees the risen Lord for the first time and is sent by the Lord himself to give the message to his brothers. Brown notes that what she proclaims is the standard apostolic announcement of the Resurrection: I have seen the Lord. She is the apostle to the apostles. In the story of Lazarus, Mary and Martha, the confession of Martha: You are the Christ, the Son of God (11,27) substitutes the supreme confession of Peter which is found in other gospels. Considering the place of women in Johannine patterns, Brown makes another interesting observation. He notes that discipleship is the primary Christian category for John, and the disciple par excellence is the Disciple whom Jesus loved. But in 11,5 we see Now Jesus loved Martha and her sister and Lazarus. Another proof is given from Chapter 20 again, where Mary Magdalene recognizes the voice of her master. In an allegorical parable (10,3-5) a disciple is like a sheep who recognizes the voice of its shepherd. Since the sheep are his own (twice in 11,3-5), it is clear that even woman can be in the same category of relationship to Jesus as the Twelve. The second part of the article is dedicated to another important woman in the fourth Gospel, who is none other than the mother of Jesus. After explaining the tradition behind the miracle at Cana in detail, Brown indicates that the evangelist understands the role of the mother in relation to discipleship. This point is clear from the second scene where she appears at the foot of the cross (19,25-27). There are two great symbolic figures whose personal names are never mentioned in the Gospel. The reason, says Brown, is that their primary (not sole) importance is in their symbolism for discipleship rather than in their historical careers. The women, in this Gospel, are first-class disciples by telling that Jesus loved Martha and Mary and that Mary Magdalene was one of his own sheep. The mother of Jesus is given a further important role. She shares with the Beloved Discipleship an equal plane as part of Jesus true family. Brown is sure, after researching the evidence of the fourth Gospel, that the Johannine community valued the following of Christ and there was no difference male and female in that. To end the article, Raymond Brown writes: but even John has left us with one curious note of incompleteness: the disciples, surprised at Jesus openness with a woman, still did not dare to ask him, What do you want of a woman? (4:27). That may well be a question whose time has come in the Church of Jesus Christ. The Magisterium has closed any discussion on the possibility of ordaining women. But this article of Raymond E. Brown convinces his readers that there is still possibility of a discussion about the role of women in the Church as real missionaries and apostles to testify the risen Lord to the whole world. I may end my overview of this article with the words of Brown which he puts in one of his footnotes: At a time when we are engaged in a necessary debate as to who among the baptized can be ordained to priesthood or bishopric, it may be useful to remind ourselves that it remains more important to be baptized than to be ordained, more important to be a Christian than to be a priest, bishop, or pope.

martin scorsese Essay -- essays research papers

For my final project, I chose to learn more about my favorite director, Martin Scorsese. From as far as I can remember, Martin Scorsese’s films have always intrigued me like no others have. There are many reasons why I am drawn to his type of films and his style of directing. Martin Scorsese has directed films that support his ethnic background. He has revolutionized the motion picture industry with the films he has directed. Scorsese has a unique approach in directing his films. Lastly, Scorsese’s favorite actor to star in his films is Robert DeNiro, who is by far my favorite actor of all time. This topic holds much value to me because movies are an escape from reality that I enjoy. I do not believe many people realize how influential movies and all other media are. We already know that watching a movie is what people do to relax, when they are bored, its something to share with a friend or loved one, or when the movie just plain appeals to you or draws your interest. The main reason why this topic is so important to me is because one of my favorite things to do is just kick back, relax, and watch a great movie.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Almost all of Scorsese’s films relate to his Italian descent. They reflect his life and how things were growing up in New York City’s Little Italy neighborhood throughout the 1950s and 1960s. What I like about this is that he is staying true to himself and background. He does not forget where he came from and even exploits it for us the viewers, which was an immediate success because of the realism. He portrays early Italian American life like no other. He displayed a side of culture that many people had never been exposed to. I wish that I could create films relating to my childhood, the environment around me, and at the same time be successful. That is exactly what Martin Scorsese has done since he started directing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Martin Scorsese built an empire of films that changed the way people view directing. Scorsese created a path for other new and experienced directors to explore their creativity. His first success was Mean Streets in 1973 about life in Little Italy, which was the first of many movies to come starring Robert DeNiro. In 1976, he directed a success with Taxi Driver, a graphic movie about a loner who learns he is disgusted with society and decides to do something about it. He ... ... of all time. He is an incredible actor. No one catches my interest like DeNiro. Martin Scorsese highly contributed to his success. Without Martin Scorsese’s directing I do not believe Robert DeNiro would be who he is today. Choosing Robert DeNiro for movies like Taxi Driver, Raging Bull, Goodfellas, and Casino was brilliant.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Martin Scorsese really is responsible for changing my expectations when I view a film. When I watch a movie familiar to his genre of film, I use his films to compare, which I don’t believe is right, but his films are classics to me. To me, newer films will never compare to the work of Scorsese because society and culture are different, many ideas have already been done, and they just don’t make movies like they used to. I realize that movies he made will always be my favorites and I will never hesitate when someone asks, â€Å"Who is your favorite director?†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Gen X Essay -- essays research papers

Did you know that you are considered part of the first generation symbolizing the decline of the nation? Generations are labeled all the time by historians, novelists and journalist in an attempt to capture the spirit or essence of an era. But the term Generation X carries all the negativity of propaganda and stereotype. The term Generation X has become a derisive media batchphrase, a snide put-down for those 80 million people who, like me, were born between 1961 and 1981. They are the children of the baby boomers and the 13th generation since the pilgrims landed in Plymouth. This group is, were told irresponsible, materialistic, abnormal and apathetic. So how did the term Generation X originate, what are some of their characteristics and why is there so much controversy of the term Generation X? How did the term originate? Back in 1991 a 28 year old named Douglas Coupland wrote a book titled Generation X. The book was about three fictional characters who decided to withdraw from society in order to find themselves. They then moved to Palm Springs, CA where they lived in bungalows and worked at the bottom of the food chain. The book received no publicity and almost no reviews. But that summer a Texan released the movie Slackers, which was filled with overeducated and underoccupied oddballs who loosely paralleled the characters in the book. And at the same time in Seattle, a new form of music was exploding. Its attitude had everything to do with withdrawal, contemplation and seeking new margins. As the media goes, two’s nothing but three’s a trend. Thus were born the most abused buzzwords of the early 90’s Generation X, slacker and grunge. The meaning of generation x Generation X is also sometimes refereed to as the Latch key Generation. With no one at home after school. Generation X has become a negative term to describe their generation as aimless, unfocused, disorganized, unmotivated, lazy and distrustful of ideas and institutions. X’ers were labeled monsters. Their protestants became whining, being mellow became slacking and the struggle to find ourselves became apathy. Stereotypes portray generation x as transfixed by MTV, Beavis & Butthead, wearing baseball caps backwards, safety pins through nipples, rings through noses and wearing flannel during summer. They are characterized as deadbeats who lack the personal ambition ... ...m large government programs. Conclusion Although there is still much conflict and uncertainty about Generation X. You now know that generation x refers to a group of people born between 1961 and 1981. Generation X is perceived by the media, government and others to be a generation that lacks depth or direction or to add value to society. Many suggest that they are the lost generation. They may in fact be the generation that has learned from our parents mistakes and now have a different way of thinking and adapting itself to a changing world. Yet they continue to be discredited. Society need to understand that X is a term that defines not a chronological age but a way of looking at the world. Generation Xers are working to make a better life for themselves. They want to ensure that the interest of their generation is looked out for and they are committed to improving the public’s perception of their generation. Generation X is most certainly not a lost cause. Contrary to popular belief, they are intelligent and are very concerned about their future. They will in fact be the most influential and important generation in the next century, they will make a difference.

The Balanced Scorecard Approach

Coca-cola Company (hereafter referred to as â€Å"the Company† or â€Å"the Organization†) is the owner of four of the world's top five nonalcoholic sparkling beverage brands known to almost every American. Coca-cola was established in 1886 and presently, it is operational in at least 200 countries having at the minimum 90,500 associates worldwide and serving â€Å"1. 5 billions† ( The Coca-cola 2008 p. 1 )of customers each day .The Company’s overall goal, which is its mission is to â€Å"refresh the world in body, mind and spirit, inspire moments of optimism through their brands and actions and to create value and make a difference in all their engagements† ( Mission, Vision, 2006) The Company is a manufacturer and seller of soft (carbonated) drinks with various brands, the most popular of which is the banner brand, Coke. In assessing its success, the Organization does not only count its monetary sales and profits but as well as its effect to the w orld in general.Coca-cola Company tries to be open and accessible to everyone who needs information on anything it does. Financial records, company information, customer-goal, investor values and press releases are all accessible at the Company’s website, www. thecoca-colacompany. com. Aside from the abovementioned mission, the Organization’s vision include the following (Mission, Vision, 2006): ? People: Being a great place to work where people are inspired to be the best they can be. ? Planet: Being a responsible global citizen that makes a difference.? Portfolio: Bringing to the world a portfolio of beverage brands that anticipate and satisfy peoples' desires and needs. ? Partners: Nurturing a winning network of partners and building mutual loyalty. ? Profit: Maximizing return to shareowners while being mindful of our overall responsibilities Moreover, the Company’s strategies are incorporated in its values which include the following: ? Leadership: â€Å"Th e courage to shape a better future† ? Passion: â€Å"Committed in heart and mind† ? Integrity: â€Å"Be real† ? Accountability: â€Å"If it is to be, it's up to me† ? Collaboration: â€Å"Leverage collective genius†? Innovation: â€Å"Seek, imagine, create, delight† ? Quality: â€Å"What we do, we do well† SLP II. Indeed, customer is very important. Without a customer, any financial organization would not survive As Coca-cola’s way to retain existing customers and to encourage potential ones they have the following guidelines: Vision: Bringing to the world a portfolio of beverage brands that anticipate and satisfy peoples' desires and needs. Mission: Refresh the world in body, mind and spirit. Strategy: â€Å"What we do, we do well† To follow the guidelines and achieve what it wants, a set of very specific objectives must be met.The achievement of customer level objective, which includes â€Å"the satisfaction of custome rs, their retention, and larger market share† (The Balanced Scorecard) makes the business perform better. Why is the customer very important? Because there is a â€Å"direct correlation between financial results and customer. †(Shaw, 2000, p. 37) The Company, to satisfy its mission and vision, through its strategies for its existing and potential customers, the following objectives are setul: ? To satisfy customers with the gratifying taste of high quality products;? The introduction to customers of products with diverse and fortified products that are healthier. ? Production of healthy beverages lines which are tasty yet they are not damaging to health. The three objectives above are very important. The Company has acknowledge that â€Å"obesity and other health problems† (The Coca-cola, 2008, p. 12) may endanger the potential income of the Company as well as its name, which can be fatal to a company that† established reputations world-wide, and branding h as enabled international reputations to be created† (Kay, 1995, p. 15).Looking from these objectives, it can be seen that the third one is the most specific of the three. â€Å"production of healthy beverages lines which are tasty yet they are not damaging to health† would result to the â€Å"introduction of products taste diversity and fortification making them healthier† that would make customers satisfied with gratifying high-quality (healthy) beverages. This achieves the strategy of the Company stating, â€Å"What we do, we do well† and also its mission stating. â€Å"Refresh the world in body, mind and spirit†: an unhealthy drink would not satisfy the mind and spirit.

Genetic Engineering Essay

Do you think that Genetic engineering is a positive step in our development? Many people think that genetic engineering is the next step in the evolution of humanity and has many benefits. However, genetic engineering presents unprecedented ethical and social concerns, such as damaging nature, limiting human autonomy and risking to human health. First of all, genetic engineering can cause widespread crop failure affecting the natural environment. Nowadays, many people think that genetically modified foods can provide benefits such as increased nutrients, spoilage reduction, and a decrease of chemical contamination. However, there are a variety of environmental risks associated with genetic engineering. By combining genetic material from unlike species, genetic engineering essentially creates new organisms. When genetically engineered crops are planted there is a risk that some materials will contaminate wild plants. The consequences of this type of pollution are unknown. The long term effects of genetic pollution could include harm to plants, insects and animals and a loss of biodiversity. For example, when a farmer plants genetically engineered seeds, all the seeds have identical genetic structures. Thus if a virus grows which can attack this certain crop, there would be a widespread crop failure. The wind, insects, and plants can all carry genetically changed seeds onto close fields and land. Thus all crops, organic and non-organic, are threatened by contamination. Also, this contamination is different from other kinds of pollution because once the genes are out, they cannot be recalled. It can also contaminate water supplies and kill all the weeds in a field, thus lowering biodiversity. In short, the process of genetic engineering can thus introduce dangerous new toxins into foods that were previously naturally safe, altering the natural food chain. Secondly, genetic engineering limits children’s autonomy to shape their own destinies. Genetic engineering is becoming so advanced that soon people will be able to make their children exactly how they would like them to be. However, the genetic modification of humans can pose an ethical debate about the rights of the baby . The fetus should be free to not be genetically modified because once the genetic modification of the fetus akes place then the baby is changed forever, there is no chance that the genetic modification completed prior to birth could ever be reversed. In addition, if parents are able to remake a child’s genetic makeup, they are indirectly writing the genetic instructions that shape his entire life. For example, if my parents give me blue eyes instead of brown eyes, if they make me tall instead of medium height, if they choose a passive over an aggressive personality, their choices will have a direct effect on me. According to some statistics 90% of Americans thought cloning human beings was a bad idea. Only 7% thought it was a good idea. Even when this method helping infertile couples have children, an overwhelming number of Americans still did not accept these circumstances as enough justification to support human cloning. In brief, genetic engineering could be used to create artificial molds of people, pointing their destinies in directions that they would not freely choose themselves. Finally, genetic engineering poses serious risks to human health. Many people think that application of genetic engineering is useful for increasing positive traits in a human-being such as longevity and for the treatment of some diseases. However, genetic engineering can also increase the probability of new strains of bacteria or virus, known as pathogens which can create new diseases. There is no doubt that genetic engineering can increase immunity in crops but such resistance in crops can get transferred to harmful pathogens. New drugs can’t be developed to combat them because these viruses are stronger than those now present. According some researches the use of genetic engineering crops has, in many cases, increased dependence on pesticides and other chemicals. The health risks of pesticides are widely recognized, and actually these toxins have been linked to various cancers, as well as disorders of the neurological and immune systems. Genetic engineering would reduce the human gene pool therefore making us more susceptible to widespread diseases. In conclusion, the trend toward genetic engineering is a risky and dangerous movement that can cause concerns, such as damaging nature, limiting human autonomy and risking human health. We must leave the natural world to self-selection without creating the possible results of genetic engineering catastrophic.

Digital Education

Essay On Online Vs Traditional Education Working adults and stay-home parents looking to further their education may use online education as a resourceful tool to extract a better learning environment. In today’s society, online education is designed specifically for working adults and stay home parents with busy schedules and social responsibility. Some employers are now demanding more education from their employees along with in field experience than ever before and the job market is increasing competitive for those who want to succeed in their career.Traditional Learning provides the oldest method of education. Allowing the student to see the professor face to face and ask pertinent questions concerning their classes. Students have the ability to meet with other students for study groups and friendship. During my research, students who choose the traditional method of education believed that the face-to-face students enjoy the ability to learn with others, allows for class instruction, presentations, live speaking and they love the ability to get to know their instructors. Relevant materials: How Businesses Can Learn From Text MiningStudents in the face-to-face courses are able to get together in study groups that help them achieve better in testing. On-line Learning provides new age technology to widen the educational scope. With new age technology, I sense enormous excitement about the promise of online learning to prepare today’s students to succeed in an increasingly technology-driven global economy. Prospective students are facing a new kind of college experience — online education. It employs portable devices, computers and PDA’s to facilitate learning.With advances in information technology, portable devices, computers and PDA’s have traditionally been seen as a way of carrying information in a more convenient format, with longer battery life than a laptop computer and less weight than a bag full of reference books. Virtual classroom settings and message boards offer a variety of learning techniques. A setting usually contains an electronic whiteboard. The instructor presents instruction and interacts with students in real-time. Virtual classrooms include chat functions and often the ability for participants to speak to one another.It also, it allows student to learning without having to commute. For those students who are not able to attend their regular classes and colleges can easily carry with their higher education through online education mode of study. Students can create study environment of their like, they can make their own schedule; they can carry education while on the move, along with business they can pursue with their higher education. Best practices, a sustainable effort to extract and establish the best learning environment.Online is a quickly growing means of education for all students. It allows students to work and learn at their own pace without the unyielding time restrictions of traditional learning. Online education provides access to learning materials at any time. This allows students the flexibility to schedule their learning around families, jobs and other activities. Technology also provides accessibility and time management. Working while going to school is the potential applicability that studies may have on your job.In other words, it’s one thing to go to class and learn about something in theory, and it’s another to take that theory and put it into practice. Students who work can apply their newly acquired knowledge immediately to their jobs; they can also focus their studies on the kinds of real-world problems that professionals face daily in the workplace. It collaborates both students and teachers just alike from across the globe. No technological invention in the history of man has connected the people of the world like the Internet.While there is still a huge disparity between those who have access to the Internet and those who don't, the mere fact that any of us can communicate across the globe speaks to the importance of this medium. Many times the web sites we visit in a course are based in another country. What better place to find out about the works of Michelangelo than to go to Italy (virtually, of course)? What better way to learn about the Amazon rain forest or the history of China or the customs of islanders in the South Pacific than to visit those places online?And if you participate in global learning days or other online events, you may even meet and make friends with someone in another country. It is a small world, after all. The point is that we live in a diverse-changing world that is ripe with new possibility. The ability to learn new information or a new skill whenever you want and wherever you want offers far greater opportunities for education than ever before. The scope and reach of education broadens to far greater horizons that perhaps ever imagined. ______________________________________________REVIEW I'd like to begin, if I may, by just clearing up a couple of things. Onlin e education is not a tool to extract a better learning environment. Learning environments aren't extracted with tools. A spade, however, is a tool that can be used to extract a potato from the ground. The important thing to know about potatoes, however, is that whether they are good or blighted is independent of the specific tool of extraction. Online education is also not one thing. The Khan Academy provides free educational videos.Stanford provides free online educational courses. EssayJudge. com provides brilliantly insightful reviews. (Honest! ) Then there's a galaxy of pseudo-educational sites and lousy overpriced university sites and fraudulent degree mills for the gullible and the desperate and the cheaters and the pretentious and the ne'er-do-wells. So if you want to compare online education with traditional education, you need to be clearer about what exactly you mean by online education. Online education facilitates plagiarism.For instance you can go to sites that list the seven benefits of online education or the ten advantages of online courses and then cut and paste into your own essay, without attribution, vapid sentences like: â€Å"What better way to learn about the Amazon rain forest or the history of China or the customs of islanders in the South Pacific than to visit those places online? † or â€Å"Students who work can apply their newly acquired knowledge immediately to their jobs; they can also focus their studies on the kinds of real-world problems that professionals face daily in the workplace. â€Å"